This paper presents the results of a technical and economic optimization study of the prospects of the Caspian Energy Ring (CER),connecting power systems of Russia,countries of the Caucasus,Central Asia,and South Asia.The CER,belonging partly to the emerging Asian Supergrid and partly to the existing European Supergrid,will become a bridge connecting these supergrids,laying the foundation for forming a global energy interconnection in the long term.The expansion of carbon-free renewable and nuclear facilities,low-carbon gas-fired power plants,and traditional thermal and hydro energy sources within the CER were considered in this study.The positive economic benefits of the creation of the CER are presented.Preliminary characteristics of the potential CER were also estimated.

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This article presents a mathematical model for the medium-term scheduling of the operating states of electric power systems.The scheduling period is divided into several time intervals.The model can be used to determine the equilibrium state in which each supplier earns maximum profit from supplying electricity to the wholesale market.We estimated the maximum value of public welfare,which indicates the total financial gains of suppliers and consumers,to determine the prices at the nodes of the power system.This was done by considering the balance constraints at the nodes of the power system and constraints on the allowable values of generation,power flows,and volumes of energy resources consumed over several time intervals.This problem belongs to the class of bi-level Stackelberg game-theoretic models with several leaders.The market equilibrium is modeled simultaneously in several intervals,given the multiplicity and duration of interactions.We considered two approaches for solving the multi-interval equilibrium state problem.The first approach involved directly solving a system of joint optimality conditions for electricity suppliers and consumers.The second approach involved iterative searches until the equilibrium state was reached.This article presents the results of medium-term scheduling using a case study of a simplified real-world power system.

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Electric interconnection is an essential trend for future large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy.China has proposed the concept of Global Energy Interconnection to realize the clean utilization of energy through the interconnection of power grids and optimize the allocation of global energy resources.This study proposes the Kazakhstan-China-Republic of Korea networking scheme,analyzing the characteristics of power supply and demand in these countries.Based on the regional economic analysis and power development,four interconnection schemes are proposed utilizing UHVDC technology.Accordingly,existing problems and favorable factors are fully considered.The investment analysis of ±1100 kV and ±800 kV lines,configuration scheme of the converter station,and investment estimation of four interconnection schemes are given.

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Security and stability control system (SSCS) in power systems involves collecting information and sending the decision from/to control stations at different layers;the tree structure of the SSCS requires more levels.Failure of a station or channel can cause all the execution stations (EXs) to be out of control.The randomness of the controllable capacity of the EXs increases the difficulty of the reliability evaluation of the SSCS.In this study,the loop designed SSCS and reliability analysis are examined for the interconnected systems.The uncertainty analysis of the controllable capacity based on the evidence theory for the SSCS is proposed.The bidirectional and loop channels are introduced to reduce the layers and stations of the existing SSCS with tree configuration.The reliability evaluation and sensitivity analysis are proposed to quantify the controllability and vulnerable components for the SSCS in different configurations.By aiming at the randomness of the controllable capacity of the EXs,the uncertainty analysis of the controllable capacity of the SSCS based on the evidence theory is proposed to quantify the probability of the SSCS for balancing the active power deficiency of the grid.

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To address the issues of investment appeal in the Russian electric power industry,this study analyzes the dynamics of corporate governance,including permanent redistribution of property and compliance with the Russian Corporate Governance Code,in wholesale and territorial-generating companies.The increasing concentration of property in the hands of the state and its implications for investors are also noted.This study reveals the violations of essential principles,and the substantial differences in corporate governance practices,in the best-and worst-performing companies.Additional standards for better corporate governance practices to benefit the investors in the context of the current Environmental,Social,and corporate Governance (ESG) agenda are proposed.This study provides a new insight at the development of corporate governance in Russian power generating companies through property redistribution and compliance with corporate governance principles.

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The future energy policy,long-term energy supply plan,and necessity of power system interconnection are discussed considering the climate change agreement and national carbon neutrality policy.Although several studies have been conducted on power system interconnection related projects,a few reviews have been performed related to the Greenhouse Gas Convention in North-East Asian (NEA) regions.Therefore,the future directions and possible scenarios on power system interconnection are studied by combining the issues by comprehensively considering carbon neutrality policy according to the perspective of Korea.

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Climate change and air pollution are primarily caused by the combustion and utilization of fossil fuels.Both climate change and air pollution cause health problems.Based on the development of China,it is extremely important to explore the synergies of the energy transition,CO2 reduction,air pollution control,and health improvement under the target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.This study introduces the policy evolution and research progress related to energy,climate change,and the environment in China and proposes a complete energy-climate-airhealth mechanism framework.Based on the MESSAGE-GLOBIOM integrated assessment model,emission inventory and chemical transport model,and exposure-response function,a comprehensive assessment method of energy-climate-airhealth synergies was established and applied to quantify the impacts of Chinese Energy Interconnection Carbon Neutrality(CEICN) scenario.The results demonstrate that,by 2060,the SO2,NOx and PM2.5 emissions are estimated to be reduced by 91%,85%,and 90% respectively compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario.The direct health impacts brought by achieving the goal of carbon neutrality will drive the proactive implementation of more emission reduction measures and bring greater benefits to human health.

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This study presents the results of a research into the developing a methodology for assessing the adequacy of advanced electric power systems characterized by the integration of various innovative technologies,which complicates their analysis.The methodology development is aimed at solving two main problems: 1) increase the adequacy of modeling the processes that occur in the electric power system and 2) enhance the computational efficiency of the adequacy assessment methodology.This study proposes a new mathematical model to minimize the power shortage and enhance the adequacy of modeling the processes.The model considers quadratic power transmission losses and network coefficients.The computational efficiency of the adequacy assessment methodology is enhanced using efficient randomnumber generators to form the calculated states of electric power systems and machine learning methods to assess power shortages and other reliability characteristics in the calculated states.

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Accurate electric energy (EE) measurements and billing estimations in a power system necessitate the development of an energy flow distribution model.This paper summarizes the results of investigations on a new problem related to the determination of EE flow in a power system over time intervals ranging from minutes to years.The problem is referred to as the energy flow problem (EFP).Generally,the grid state and topology may fluctuate over time.An attempt to use instantaneous (not integral) power values obtained from telemetry to solve classical electrical engineering equations leads to significant modeling errors,particularly with topology changes.A promoted EFP model may be suitable in the presence of such topological and state changes.Herein,EE flows are determined using state estimation approaches based on direct EE measurement data in Watt-hours (Volt-ampere reactive-hours) provided by electricity meters.The EFP solution is essential for a broad set of applications,including meter data validation,zero unbalance EE billing,and nontechnical EE loss check.

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Effective source-load prediction and reasonable dispatching are crucial to realize the economic and reliable operations of integrated energy systems (IESs).They can overcome the challenges introduced by the uncertainties of new energies and various types of loads in the IES.Accordingly,a robust optimal dispatching method for the IES based on a robust economic model predictive control (REMPC) strategy considering source-load power interval prediction is proposed.First,an operation model of the IES is established,and an interval prediction model based on the bidirectional long short-term memory network optimized by beetle antenna search and bootstrap is formulated and applied to predict the photovoltaic power and the cooling,heating,and electrical loads.Then,an optimal dispatching scheme based on REMPC is devised for the IES.The source-load interval prediction results are used to improve the robustness of the REPMC and reduce the influence of source-load uncertainties on dispatching.An actual IES case is selected to conduct simulations;the results show that compared with other prediction techniques,the proposed method has higher prediction interval coverage probability and prediction interval normalized averaged width.Moreover,the operational cost of the IES is decreased by the REMPC strategy.With the devised dispatching scheme,the ability of the IES to handle the dispatching risk caused by prediction errors is enhanced.Improved dispatching robustness and operational economy are also achieved.

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